Demurrage and detention: controlling delay costs

Start with the applicable terms

In many container arrangements demurrage relates to equipment at the terminal, and detention to equipment outside it. Definitions, combined charges and calculation rules vary by country and carrier contract. Terminal storage may be separate. Use the terms applicable to your shipment.

Confirm free time in writing

Ask when counting begins, whether days are calendar or working days, free days, rate tiers and authorised return depot. Do not rely on an unconfirmed verbal extension. Start document follow-up before arrival to reduce avoidable dwell time.

Operational checklist

Track arrival, last free day, collection appointment and empty return. Retain the equipment-return receipt. If delay is expected, archive extension requests and carrier responses, and communicate the likely cost impact to the customer.

Control the equipment clock

Track free-time expiry, document availability, pickup, unloading and empty return. Confirm calendar rules, tiered tariffs and combined/separate charging. Keep evidence of actual return; a return booking is not proof of completion.

Before you proceed

• Confirm scope and references.
• Use final cargo data.
• Keep the approved version.